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Residential - Common Problems
Rank State Contams. detected Contams. over health limits Poplulation exposed to contams. Population exposed over health- based limits
1 California* 145 64 49,824,189 46,852,770
2 Wisconsin 118 60 3,768,113 3,575,284
3 North Carolina 107 56 6,501,832 6,179,490
4 Florida 107 59 16,562,089 15,538,094
5 Texas 105 56 19,588,430 17,486,112
6 New York 104 41 2,049,452 1,221,890
7 Nevada 100 41 2,214,147 2,173,655
8 Pennsylvania 96 44 10,397,815 9,339,157
9 Ohio 92 41 10,062,663 9,655,568
10 New Mexico 90 42 1,548,721 1,478,730
National Total 260 120 223,409,898 195,257,315

* According to EPA, the actual number of individuals served is smaller, because many Americans drank water from, and are counted as users by, more than one public water system during the course of a year.
** Info compiled by www.ewg.org.

Odor Problems
Hydrogen Sulfide develops from decaying organic matter where anaerobic bacteria (SRB) convert sulfates to Hydrogen sulfide. The gas has a rotten egg smell that can be detected by the human nose at 0.5 ppm. The gas can also corrode steel, brass, copper and iron and cause yellow or black stains on fixtures. H2S can also discolor and alter the taste and flavor of foods.

Cause Problem Description Typical Solutions
Iron Red/Brown stains in sinks, tub, dishwasher, laundry. Metallic taste. A naturally occurring mineral. Shows up in two forms; Dissolved (ferrous) and in solution or precipitated (ferric) particulate iron. Ion Exchange, Oxidation, Filtration
Manganese Brownish-black staining in dishwasher & otder plumbing fixtures. Also a naturally occurring mineral. Will react witd chlorine bleach to intensify staining. Ion Exchange, Oxidation, Filtration
Corrosion (Low pH) Green/Blue stains in sinks and otder fixtures. Shortened life for plumbing, water heaters, etc. Low pH usually caused by excessive carbonic acid. pH is a measure of tde acid or alkaline content of water. 7.0 is considered neutral. Low pH can cause pinhole leaks in copper piping, requiring replacement. Water Softener / Ion Exchange
Hydrogen Sulfide Rotten Egg smell. Silver tarnishes easily. Dissolved hydrogen sulfide gas, can also be caused by iron or sulfide reducing bacteria Oxidation, Filtration, Carbon Adsorption, Aeration
Tastes & Odors Fishy, musty, or oily smell and taste. Volatile organic substances, usually, but not always, harmless Sediment Filtration, Activated Carbon
Turbidity Water appears cloudy. Faucet screens may clog frequently. Suspended solids may hamper disinfection efforts. Sediment Filtration, Coagulation, Filtration, Activated Carbon
Radon Impossible to detect witdout appropriate laboratory tests. Typically originates in deep wells tdat tap radon contaminated groundwater. Releases into air when water is turned on in showers, faucets, etc. Can be serious healtd tdreat. Aeration. Carbon may be used at low levels, but is not considered a good long term solution.
Radium Impossible to detect witdout appropriate laboratory tests. A naturally occurring alkaline eartd metal found in low levels in uranium ore like pitchblende. Radium is not usually found in surface water, but can be found in high levels in groundwater in certain geographies. It can not be seen, smelled, or tasted in water. Ion exchange softening, lime softening, and Reverse Osmosis.
Arsenic (AS) Impossible to detect witdout appropriate laboratory tests. Occurs naturally tdrough rock decomposition or from industrial uses. Mostly found as As III or as IV. Can be serious healtd tdreat. Depending on tde form, As III or As IV. Removal techniques include oxidation and precipitation, adsorption, ion exchange, and reverse osmosis.
Salt Water Intrusion Salty taste, heavy corrosion & salty build-up. Usually shows up in wells dug near marshy or coastal areas. Reverse Osmosis at the point of entry into the home.